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Epistemic relativism and semantic blindness

机译:认知相对论和语义盲

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摘要

Semantic blindness is the inability to recognize semantic features of terms one can competently use. A theory that implies semantic blindness incurs a burden to explain how one can competently use a term without realizing how the term works. An argument advanced in favor of epistemic relativism is that its main competitors, contextualism and subject-sensitive invariantism, imply that speakers suffer from semantic blindness regarding 'knows' while relativism has no such implication. However, there is evidence that relativism also implies semantic blindness regarding 'knows,' apparently crippling the case for relativism. In this paper I argue that the semantic blindness that affects relativism is not a problem at all. First, the blindness is not as widespread as it appears. It does not prevent ordinary speakers from expressing important epistemic truths. Further, I provide an error theory for relativism that has three features that render it unproblematic: (1) there is evidence independent of relativism that people make this error, (2) relativism predicts this error; it is not an ad hoc rescue, (3) the error only occurs in rare and obscure situations. People are fallible and finite, and assuming relativism is true, they make mistakes exactly where we should expect them to.
机译:语义盲是无法识别一个人可以有效使用的术语的语义特征。隐含语义盲的理论引起了一种负担,要求人们解释如何在不意识到该术语如何工作的情况下有效地使用该术语。赞成认知相对论的一个论点是,它的主要竞争者是语境主义和主体敏感的不变性,这暗示着说话者在关于“知识”的语义上蒙受痛苦,而相对主义则没有这种暗示。但是,有证据表明,相对主义还隐含着对“知识”的语义盲目性,显然使相对主义陷于瘫痪。在本文中,我认为影响相对论的语义盲性根本不是问题。首先,失明并不像看起来那样普遍。它不会阻止普通讲话者表达重要的认知真理。此外,我提供了相对论的错误理论,该理论具有使其不成问题的三个特征:(1)有证据表明人们犯了这个错误,而与相对论无关,(2)相对论预言了这个错误;这不是临时性的解决方法,(3)该错误仅在罕见且晦涩的情况下发生。人们是易犯错误的,并且是有限的,并且假设相对论是正确的,那么他们就会在我们应该期望的地方犯错误。

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