Petrocalcic Horizon Format on and Prehistoric Peope's Effect on Everglades Tree Island Soils, Forida

摘要

The origin and properties of fixed tree islands (tree stands growing amid wetland sloughs and rush/sedge waterways as seen in Fig. 1) in the Florida Everglades have been extensively studied (Komar, 1983; Sklarand van der Valk, 2002; USGS, 2003; Schwadron, 2006). However, their origin, vegetation, habitation, and hydrology have only been partially documented, and opinions still vary as to their age and method of formation (Sklar and van der Valk, 2002; Bazante et al., 2006). Many of the tree islands have been lost since the 1940s as a result of poor water management (compartmentalization and reduced water flow and velocity), burning, looting, and building activities (Willard, 2003 OR USGS 2003--SEE QUERY IN REF SECTION). Brandt et al. (2000) also reported that tree islands have decreased in size, and that the overall area of tree islands decreased between 1950 and 1991. A more complete understanding of tree island formation and the influences exerted by past and present humans on their properties is needed to aid in current restoration efforts.