Detailed Analysis of Solar Data Related to Historical Extreme Geomagnetic Storms: 1868-2010

摘要

An analysis of historical Sun Earth connection events in the context of the most extreme space weather events of the last 150 years is presented. To identify the key factors leading to these extreme events, a sample of the most important geomagnetic storms was selected based mainly on the well-known as index and on geomagnetic parameters described in the accompanying paper (Vennerstrom et al., Solar Phys. in this issue, 2016, hereafter Paper I). This part of the analysis focuses on associating and characterizing the active regions (sunspot groups) that are most likely linked to these major geomagnetic storms.