Arsenic removal from drinking water by reverse osmosis: Minimization of costs and energy consumption

摘要

Arsenic is one of the most serious inorganic contaminants in drinking water on a worldwide scale. To comply with the MCL (maximum contaminant level, 10 mu g/l arsenic in drinking water) established by the World Health Organization, numerous techniques have been studied, such as ion exchange, coagulation and flocculation, precipitation, adsorption and membrane technologies. Among the available technologies applicable to water treatment, membrane filtration has been identified as a promising technology to remove arsenic from water.