The U.S. Defense Department's commitment to a modular open system architecture (MOSA) is driving the use of open system approaches both from the technical and the procurement perspectives. An example of the MOSA policy is the U.S. Army's VICTORY -- Vehicular Integration for C4ISR/EW Interoperability -- initiative. Its charter is to define a standard approach for intra-vehicle networking to drive interoperability, and drastically reduce component redundancy and the resulting inefficient use of limited real estate in combat vehicles caused by the use of "stovepipe" or "bolt-on" subsystems.
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