Classical Optical Experiments and Special Relativity: A Review

摘要

Classical optical experiments that confirm the validity of special relativity are considered. Transformations of spatial coordinates and time that were proposed at different times for the passage from one inertial reference frame (IRF) to another and that differ from the classical Lorentz transformations are critically analyzed. It is shown that, although some of these transformations are capable of explaining the results of single classical optical experiments, in particular, the Michelson-Morley experiments, neither of them, except for the Tangherlini transformations, can explain the results of the entire set of these experiments. The discrepancy between the predictions of incorrect transformations and the results of the well-known experiments is caused by the absence of a clearly formulated procedure for synchronizing spaced clocks in a rest IRF (where the observer is located) and a moving IRF, which should be consistent with the transformation of time. A number of relativistic and quantum effects are indicated, which have been predicted but not yet detected, to a search for which efforts of physicists are directed, and which are convenient to describe with the help of the formalism of the Tangherlini transformations.