High-radix number representations such as the quaternary signed-digit (QSD) number system allow higher information storage density, less complexity, fewer system components, and fewer cascaded gates and operations, Arithmetic operations on the quatemary signed-digit are carried out using the powerful symbolic substitution scheme, A single-step or two-step conversion algorithm is employed on the QSD numbers to simplify the higher-order QSD addition process and reduce the number of the optical symbolic substitution rules, The optical addition operation of two QSD numbers is performed in one step, An efficient content-addressable memory (CAM) optical implementation of the QSD addition/subtraction operations is proposed, The QSD number addition/subtraction operations require a significantly reduced number of minterms (symbolic substitution rules) when compared to a similar previously reported technique. [References: 30]
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