Physiological and Biochemical Aspects and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Adaptation to the Elevated Concentration of Atmospheric CO_2

摘要

The review of publications concerning the impact of increasing CO_2 concentration in the Earth's atmosphere (C_a) on higher terrestrial plants. The physiological changes in plants induced by increasing C_a, including growth and biochemical composition, the characteristics of photosynthesis and respiration, as well as the molecular mechanisms of the regulation of the activity of most important biosynthetic enzymes at early and late stages of the exposure to elevated C_a are under consideration. Various concepts of metabolic regulation during acclimation to increasing CO_2 concentration are critically reviewed. The pathways of possible involvement of carbonic anhydrase-mediated systems of CO_2 transport and concentration during C_3 photosynthesis of higher plants, the metabolic and signal mechanisms of photosynthesis inhibition by carbohydrates and the role of eth-ylene at elevated Ca are presented. The effect of elevated C_a on plant development and source-sink relations, as well as its interactionwith other environmental factors, such as mineral, primarily nitrogen nutrition, light, temperature, and water regime, are discussed in with the context of potential forecasting of the consequences of increase in C_a and temperature for the activities ofvarious higher plant forms in the rapidly changing climate.