Influence of Properties of Nonaqueous Solvents on the Solubility of NH_4G1 and Thermodynamics of Its Solution

摘要

The solubility of ammonium chloride in acetonitrile,dioxane,and 2-propanol in the range 298.15-338.15 K was determined using ~36C1 tracer.The influence of properties of nonaqueous solvents on the solubility of ammonium,potassium,and sodium chlorides was subjected to thermodynamic and correlation analysis.The low solubility of ammonium chloride in dioxane and acetonitrile is due to the endothermic effect,and its high solubility in 2-propanol,to the exothermic effect of the salt solution.The entropy of solution affects the solubility of ammonium chloride in acetonitrile only slightly,in contrast to dioxane and 2-propanol in which the entropies of solution are significant and have opposite signs.The solubility of ammonium and potassium chlorides depends on the electron-acceptor power of the solvents and electrostatic interactions in solution,whereas the solubility of sodium chloride in organic solvents is determined by the combined influence of the donor-acceptor and dielectric properties of the solvents.