Modern Methods for Controlling the Oxide Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steel and Their Informational Capacities

摘要

The negative effect of nonmetallic inclusions on the properties of steel has been comprehensively studied in many works [1-4]. Along with the microstructure of the metal, nonmetallic inclusions (NIs) substantially affect its service properties. In contrast to the main structural constituents in steel, the amount of NIs is low: their volume fraction changes in the range 10~(-3)-10~(-5). The amount of NIs per unit volume in a metal depends on the inclusion size. For example, in one cubic centimeter in steel, one can detect 1 X 10~3 inclusions with an effective diameter of 40 mu m and 1 X 10~(11) inclusions with an effec-tive diameter of 0.05 mu m. The fraction of inclusions whose effective diameters exceed 1 mu m accounts for 88 percent of the total volume of inclusions in the metal, and the volume fraction of inclusions smaller than 0.2 mu m does not exceed 2 percent [1].