Yield potential and stability in selected winter wheat landraces and obsolete cultivars of European origin.

摘要

Productivity of selected European landraces and obsolete cultivars of winter wheat (31 accessions) was estimated in field trials in six environments (two years and three sites in the Czech Republic) with four modern cultivars as controls. Yield, itsstability and response to range of environments were estimated to characterize the differences between old and modern cultivars and specify valuable landraces and obsolete cultivars. Mean yield of four modern cultivars was 51% higher than in landraces and obsolete cultivars, with the best old cultivar Zarja reached 77% of the yield of best modern cultivar Astella. Years and especially sites had significant effects on yields, however, the impact of these factors was lower in landraces and obsolete cultivars than in modern cultivars. Also the relative yields of old cultivars compared with modern cultivars had a clearly increasing trend in environments with lower mean yields. This indicated that landraces and obsolete cultivars were better able to compensate for adverse environment and provided better yield stability, but at a lower level of yield potential than modern cultivars. It is suggested that cultivars with this broad environmental adaptation could give better results in organic or extensive farming systems.