Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Photoluminescence, and Biotechnological Applications

摘要

Graphene has been recently recognized as a rapidly rising star in the material science due to its unique physical properties such as the giant carrier mobility. Although originally emerged as a precursor offering cost-effective and large-scale productions of graphene-based materials, graphene oxide (GO) itself provides an exciting platform to study fundamental chemistry, physics, and materials science of carbon-based materials. The oxygen functional groups not only endow hydrophilicity to the GO sheets, but also result in disrupted sp2 carbon network and lead to exceptional photoluminescence properties. Consequently, the fluorescent, hydrophilic, and biocompatible GO offers unique advantages for biomedical applications. This review will start from introducing various synthetic routes to prepare GO, followed by an overview of the reduction reaction in relation to the manipulation of physical and chemical properties of GO. After a discussion of properties, mechanisms of photoluminescence, and the potential biological applications of GO, its reduced and composite derivatives will also be reviewed.