Advances in the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in phytoremediation of heavy metals

摘要

In this review, we brie fl y describe the biological application of PGPR for purposes of phytoremediating heavy metals. We address the agronomic practices that can be used to maximize the remediation potential of plants. Plant roots have limited ability to absorb metals from soil, mainly because metals have low solubility in the soil solution. The phytoavailability of metal is closely tied to the soil properties and the metabolites that are released by PGPR (e.g., siderophores, organic acids, and plant growth regulators). The role played by PGPR may be accomplished by their direct effect on plant growth dynamics, or indirectly by acidification, chelation, precipitation, or immobilization of heavy metals in the rhizosphere.