Research trends on seed development, dormancy, germination, emergence and seedling vigour of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) - a review.

摘要

Sunflower is an important edible oil. Several factors affect development of sunflower seed, and its emergence and seedling establishment in the field. Methods of pollination and types of honeybees influence seed production. Several biochemical processes occur during seed development in mitochondria and various enzymatic activities which are again influenced by temperature and other environmental factors. Dormancy is associated with the accumulation of ABA in the matured seed after harvest. Immature seeds may be sown to produce seedlings. Several techniques have been adopted with little success to break dormancy including scarification, hot water and the use of phytohormones. Several biochemical changes occur during germination. Priming improves seedling survival. Salinity affects germination. With an increase in salinity decreases the mobilization of lipid. Osmotic priming improves seedling emergence, besides environmental stresses affect emergence. Sunflower extracts have allelopathic effects on several crops.