Most traditional reclamation treatments have failed to deliver productive, self-sustaining ecosystems on sites that have been drastically disturbed. For instance, fields of seeded clovers, alfalfa and agronomic grasses slowly degrade over the years leaving low-productivity stands that become infested by weeds. Late successional woody species planted on these sites perform poorly compared to adjacent natural stands until native pioneering species establish and re-set the successional trajectory. Many of the actions that have been taken over the past 40 years in the name of restoration have actually served to prevent recovery of drastically disturbed sites. In the following sections of this article we will look at the constraints or filters (Polster 1989; Walker and del Moral 2003) and the natural processes that can be used to solve these problems (Polster 1991).
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机译：大多数传统的填海措施都无法在受到严重干扰的地点提供生产性，自我维持的生态系统。例如，播种的三叶草，苜蓿和农艺草的田地多年来逐渐退化，留下了低生产力的林分，这些林分被杂草所感染。与相邻的天然林相比，在这些地点种植的晚期演替木本物种的表现较差，直到本地先驱物种建立并重置演替轨迹为止。在过去的40年中，以恢复名义采取的许多行动实际上起到了防止严重受干扰的地点恢复的作用。在本文的以下各节中，我们将研究约束或过滤器（Polster 1989; Walker和del Moral 2003）以及可用于解决这些问题的自然过程（Polster 1991）。
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