Critical loads of nitrogen and sulphur to avert acidification and eutrophication in Europe and China

摘要

Forests and other (semi-)natural ecosystems provide a range of ecosystem services, such as purifying water, stabilizing soils and nutrient cycles, and providing habitats for plants and wildlife. Critical loads are a well-established effects-based approach that has been used for assessing the environmental consequences of air pollution on large regional or national scales.