Catheter-related bloodstream infection due to Mycobacterium neoaurum in a patient with acute leukemia

摘要

Rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria (RGM) are a diverse group of organisms usually isolated from the environment, and are associated with infection at several sites. Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium abscessus account for the most common RGM associated with infections in humans [1]. Frequently, these pathogens have been associated with soft-tissue infection, endocarditis, pneumonia and keratitis [2]. Rarely, RGM have been implicated in bloodstream infections (BSIs) and catheter exit site infection [3], Mycobacterium neoaurum is an unusual human pathogen and a very rare cause of BSI mostly in immuno-compromised patients [2]. We herein report a patient with leukemia, who developed Mycobacterium neoaurum catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), after receiving chemotherapy. In addition, we review cases of M. neoaurum from the literature to define management of this rare infection. Lastly, we discuss the usefulness of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for rapid and accurate identification of closely related RGM.