Eighty percent of anhydrous ammonia is used as fertilizer, either by direct injection to the soil or in the form of nitrogen fertilizers such as urea. Other direct consumers of anhydrous ammonia are phosphate fertilizer plants, nitric acid and ammonium nitrate plants, nylon intermediate manufacturers, some waste water treatment facilities, refrigeration plants and power plant pollution control systems. Many of these have a relatively small consumption and import their ammonia feedstock by railcar or truck. In 2007, 3.9 million tons of ammonia was shipped by railcar in the United States.
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