The characteristics of the fluid flow and heat transfer of staggered inclined impinging jets on a concave surface have been investigated numerically using three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes analysis using the shear stress transport turbulence model. Shape optimization of the impinging jet has been performed with a weighted-average surrogate model. A constant temperature condition has been applied to the concave surface. The inclination angle of the staggered jet nozzles and the distance between the jet nozzles are chosen as the design variables, and their effects on the heat transfer performance have been evaluated. It is found that the overall heat transfer increases with the pitch of vertical jet nozzles, and the staggered inclination of jet nozzles improves the heat transfer on the concave surface. For the optimization of the impinging jet, the area-averaged Nusselt number on the concave surface is set as the objective function. Latin hypercube sampling is used to determine the training points as a design of experiment, and the surrogate model is constructed using the objective function values at the training points. Sequential quadratic programming is used to search for the optimal point from the constructed surrogate model. Through the optimization, the heat transfer performance has been improved by nearly 60% compared to the reference design.
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