Phylo- and Ontogenetic Establishment of Dopamine Regulation of the Sleep-Waking Cycle in Vertebrates

摘要

Results obtained from comparative immunohistochemical studies of dopamine-containing neurons and fibers in the telencephalic and diencephalic parts of the brain in cold-blooded animals (frogs) and warmblooded (14- and 30-day-old rat pups and adult) vertebrates are presented. The dynamics of quantitative changes in tyrosine hydroxylase and D_1- and D_2-immunoreactive structures during the sleep-waking cycle were studied using a sleep deprivation model. Morphofunctional correlations were seen in the nature of the responses of the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system to sleep deprivation during phylo- and ontogenesis. In addition, the effects of dopamine agonists and antagonists on the sleep-waking cycle were studied in frogs and young rats. Dopamine and its agonist apomorphine were found to promote increases in the state of immobility of the cataplexy type (this being a homolog of sleep) in frogs, while in rats it promoted increases in waking and catalepsy. The D_1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 induced increases in the quantity of waking and the state of immobility of the catatonia type in frogs, while the D_2 receptor antagonist promoted increases only in the state of immobility of the catalepsy type in the sleep-waking cycle. In one-month-old rats, administration of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol initially induced increases in the proportion of the cataleptic stage, which was followed by onset of deep slow-wave sleep. We address the question of the formation of the regulatory role of the dopaminergic system in the sleep- waking cycle during phylo- and ontogenesis, when dopamine shows a transition from predominantly diencephalic neurosecretory influences to predominantly telencephalic neurotransmitter influences.