Ziconotide Combination Intrathecal Therapy for Noncancer Pain Is Limited Secondary to Delayed Adverse Effects: A Case Series With a 24-Month Follow-Up

摘要

Objectives: The efficacy and safety of ziconotide as a single agent has been evaluated in few short-term clinical trials and open-label studies. Ziconotide use is challenging given its adverse effect (AE) profile. The objective of this study is to describe the long-term efficacy and AEs of ziconotide used as an adjunct to other intrathecal (IT) agents in chronic noncancer pain patients.