Urothelial carcinoma: Endoscopy to predict outcomes in upper tract urothelial cancer.

摘要

Cross-sectional imaging, endoscopic evaluation and biopsy are the mainstay of preoperative evaluation and staging of patients with upper tract urotheiial carcinoma (UTUC), despite their limitations in accurate prediction of grade, stage and oncologic outcome. Multivariabie models incorporating numerous clinical factors, including novel tumor markers will improve our ability to deliver personalized treatment.