A Report on Cumnt Management of Major Apple Pests Based on Census Data from Farmers

摘要

In recent, apple production system has been changed with implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) in addition to diverse apple varieties and their cultivation. A survey with a questionnaire to investigate major apple pests and their controltactics was carried out on Jan. 2004 from apple growers. The survey indicated that major apple diseases included bitter rot, marssonina blotch, white rot, and alternaria blotch and that major apple insect and mite pests included spider mite, fruit moth,hemipteran bug, fruit piercing moth, leafminer, and aphid. On the other hand, valsa canker, moldy core, sooty blotch, and flyspeck were classified as minor apple diseases while leafrollers and bark beetles were classified as minor insect pests. Significant number (41%) of apple growers answered the timing of the spider mite control at 1-2 mites per leaf. Almost half (46%) answered that they made decision to control lepidopteran pest according to the monitoring data obtained from sex pheromone trap. A question to ask diary note recording pest control practice indicated that 54% answered simple description while 34% described management practices in detail. More than half (61%) of apple growers were able to use computer for information acquisition or storage. Much more number (73%) of apple growers used speed sprayers for application of pesticide. In addition, 33% answered having motor sprayer with average application amount of about 360 L/lOa. Apple growers believed any unsatisfactory control was due to low field application amount (48%), spatial complexity of the canopy (28%) or lower efficacy of the chemical itself (20%). Yearly average application frequency of pesticides was 10.5 in 2003 which was fewer by 4.6 than the survey result of 10 years agoin 1993. Application frequencies of fungicide, insecticide, and miticide were 10.2, 7.6, and 2.8, respectively. Most frequent fungicides included Iminoctadinetriacetate, Tebuconazole, Fluazinam, Myclobutanil + Mancozeb, Iminoctadinetriacetate + Difenoconazole, Thiophanate-methyl, Dithianon, Kresoxim-methyl, and Azoxystrobin. Insecticides included Chlorpyrifos, Phosphamidon, Dichlorvos, Methidation, and Tebufenozide, while Machine oil, Azocyclotin, Etoxazole, Propargite, and Spirodiclofen were frequently used to control mite pest.