Design of Cyber-Physical Waste Management Systems Focusing on Energy Efficiency and Sustainability

摘要

Industry 4.0 tools, such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, digital twinning, andcloud computing, create a technological revolution that accelerates efforts to optimize the efficiencyof cyber-physical operations and services. The waste management system requires a critical share ofcity logistics optimization, especially when using cyber-physical systems. Modern tools reduce therequired municipal waste handling, such as loading and unloading, transportation, and warehousing,which leads to an increase in efficiency and flexibility, saving energy and time, and protecting theenvironment. In this paper, we present a cyber-physical waste management system solution byproviding a cyber-physical model design and description, mathematical modeling, and two cases toinvestigate the impact on energy consumption and emissions. After an introduction and literaturereview, we describe the design of the cyber-physical model and tackle the first echelon. The designedsystem incorporates the IoT, smart bins with multi-percentage sensors, data and information analysis,vehicles’ actual routes, energy and emissions optimization, multi-echelon systems, time windows,and flexibility. Mathematical modeling equations for the optimized total energy consumption arepresented. Thirty and twenty smart bins located in VIII District in Budapest are detailed as two casestudies, where solutions for the optimized real routes and energy consumption are found using threemetaheuristic algorithms: genetic, particle swarm, and simulated annealing optimization algorithms.The accrued emissions of CO, NMHC, CH4, NOx, and PM for the optimized solutions are calculated.Finally, the results are compared with a random traditional solution to measure the effectiveness.