Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs - a study of 48 cases.

摘要

This study presented 48 cases of immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) in dogs. The causes of AIHA, diagnostic methods, erythrocyte degeneration, dependence on sex, breed and age as well as death rate were determined. The number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes, haematocrit (Ht) value and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration were determined in the examined dogs. Parameters such as mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were calculated. Traditional blood smears stained by Diff-Quick method were made, and the percentages of leukocytes and spherocytes were calculated. The smears were also stained with methyl-crezyl blue to calculate the number of reticulocytes and define the degree of red cell regeneration. The glass agglutination test was performed in each blood sample. In 34 dogs, the direct Coombs test was performed simultaneously at 4 and 37 degrees C for IgG antibody. The result was considered positive if the reaction was positive at 1:80 dilution or higher. The test for ANA antinuclear antibody detection was performed in 28 dogs. Spherocytosis above 2% appeared in 34 dogs (72.3%). Schistocytes were present in 16 patients, but their percentage was not more than 5%. Erythrocyte autoagglutination was observed in 40 dogs (83.3% of all the examined AIHA cases). In Coombs test, IgG antibodies were found at titres of 1:80-1:10 400 in 31 cases. IgM antibodies were determined in only 25 patients and found in 2 dogs. C3 complement was observed in 3 dogs. Reactive lymphocytes were observed in 33 dogs, which represented 70.2% of the animals. Regenerative anaemia appeared in 15 patients (31.9%). Idiopathic (primary) anaemia was present in 9 cases (18.7%). A considerable usefulness of the examined parameters, especially of glass agglutination, was confirmed in AIHA diagnosis which was particularly important when Coombs test was impossible to perform or its result was negative..