Application of Marine Protected Areas for Sustainable Production and Marine Biodiversity off Alaska

摘要

Fisheries managers have established many marine protected areas (MPA's) in the Federal and state waters off Alaska to protect ecological structure and function, establish control sites for scientific research studies, conserve benthic habitat, protectvulnerable stocks, and protect cultural resources. Many MPA's achieve multiple objectives. Over 40 named MPA 's, many of which include several sites, encompass virtually all Federal, waters off Alaska and most of the state waters where commercial fisheries occur. All of the MPA's include measures to prohibit a particular fishery or gear type (particularly bottom trawls) on. a seasonal or year-round basis, and several MPA's prohibit virtually all commercial fishing. Although the effectiveness of MPA's is difficult to evaluate on an individual basis, as a group they are an important component of the management program for sustainable fisheries and conserving marine biodiversity off Alaska.