Alternatives to heparin and protamine anticoagulation for cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery

摘要

Heparin anticoagulation followed by protamine reversal is commonly used in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) cardiac procedures, but this strategy has some limitations. The primary objective of this study was to determine the reliable alternatives for anticoagulation during CPB for cardiac surgery. For each drug proposed, the secondary objectives were to outline the main advantages and disadvantages, to propose a therapeutic protocol, and to provide a cost-benefit analysis.