Following two years of R&D and three years of pilot testing, American Water Chemicals (AWC) (www.membranechemicals.com) has completed its first full scale delivery of a new reverse osmosis (RO) antiscalant product to the Orange County Water Dis- trict (OCWD) for its Groundwater Replenishment Sys- tem (GWRS). The iconic 70 MGD (264,950 m~3 /d) GWRS – which employs microfiltration (MF), RO and UV/H2O2 to treat secondary effluent – had experienced numerous silica-scaling incidents, which forced them to resort to the use of ammonium bifluoride as an RO membrane cleaner.
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