Do 'stakeholders' represent citizen interests? An empirical inquiry into assessments of policy aims in the National Forest Programme for Germany.

摘要

Participatory National Forest Programmes (NFPs) intend to democratize forest sector policy, but they may suffer from a fundamental democratic legitimization deficit since the stakeholders involved are neither democratically authorized nor accountable to the population. In order to scrutinize the empirical relevance of this problem in the case of the German NFP, an analysis was conducted of how the German population on the one hand and the NFP participants on the other hand assess central forest policy aims of the NFP, and how far both assessments coincide. Two surveys based on identical questionnaires were used as the data base. The respondents assessed the importance of the respective aims as well as their implementation. Results show that the population considers the majority of the NFP aims to be generally relevant, but assesses the majority of the aims significantly differently from the stakeholders. The formal legitimization deficit of the German NFP therefore also matters in terms of content. Discussing the NFP among the elected representatives and in the public seems indispensable. Moreover, the differences in the assessment of some policy aims are significantly dependent on how people judge the image of forest enterprises between the opposing poles of profit orientation and nature protection. Public acceptance of those aims could be furthered more appropriately by adjusting the partly incorrect image of forestry rather than by providing more information about the particular aims and their background..