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Reducing the experimental error in an experiment to determine the latent heat of vaporization of liquid nitrogen

机译:减少确定液氮汽化潜热的实验中的实验误差

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摘要

In this work, modifications are made to a fairly simple laboratory experiment to experimentally determine the latent heat of vaporization with a substantially lower error than those previously reported. A new experimental technique of using an asynchronous data capture method is proposed for use with an adiabatic calorimeter for measurement as it isolates the measurement vessel from changes in the surroundings affecting the measured quantity. Further modifications are made to the experiment to determine the power at each instant the rate of mass drop is measured within the measurement range to ensure the errors associated with varying power resulting from resistance fluctuations are also minimized. The asynchronous data capture method proposes the use of computer control for the entire experiment, which again reduces the error in terms of delays in human reaction time. Applying these three new techniques to the experiment enables the latent heat of L_(N2) to be determined experimentally and results in a substantially lower error bar attached to the final value for the latent heat of vaporization of liquid nitrogen. The value of L_v = 201.2 ± 0.194 J/g differs by approximately 1% from the accepted value of 199.0 J/g (G.W.C. Kaye and T.H. Laby. Tables of physical and chemical constants, fifteenth edition. Longman, London. 1995). Sources of systematic (experimental) error are suggested and estimated for in this experiment and thus this small discrepancy is accounted for.
机译:在这项工作中,对一个相当简单的实验室实验进行了修改,以实验确定汽化潜热,其误差远低于先前报道的误差。提出了一种使用异步数据捕获方法的新实验技术,用于绝热热量计进行测量,因为它可以将测量容器与周围环境的变化隔离开来,从而影响测量量。对实验进行了进一步的修改,以确定在测量范围内测量质量下降速率的每个瞬间的功率,以确保将与电阻波动引起的功率变化相关的误差也降至最低。异步数据捕获方法建议在整个实验中使用计算机控制,这再次减少了人类反应时间延迟方面的误差。将这三种新技术应用到实验中,可以通过实验确定L_(N2)的潜热,并导致液氮汽化潜热最终值的误差线大大降低。 L_v = 201.2±0.194J / g的值与公认的199.0J / g的值相差约1%(G.W.C.Kaye和T.H.Laby,物理和化学常数表,第15版,Longman,伦敦,1995)。在该实验中建议并估算了系统(实验)误差的来源,因此可以解决这一微小差异。

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