Robotic Partial Nephrectomy for Complex Renal Tumors: Surgical Technique

摘要

In recent years, nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma has steadily gained acceptance among urologists. Originally reserved for patients with a solitary kidney, bilateral tumors, or renal insufficiency, partial nephrectomy has become the standard of care even in the face of a normal contralateral kidney. If the laparoscopic technique has demonstrated its superiority over open surgery in terms of minimal invasiveness, it still represents a difficult surgical procedure that requires a good surgeon with considerable laparoscopic experience.The main concern is the prolonged warm ischemia time and subsequent renal dysfunction.Moreover, some renal tumors, such as multiple, endophytic, or hilar tumors, can be a barrier for many surgeons.