EFFECT OF FREEZING AND THAWING ON THE SURFACE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS AND CLAYS

摘要

On prolonged freezing, the concentrations of anion-exclusion moisture, exchange Ca2+, and the fraction of humus bound to Ca2+ exhibit similar patterns of change. The composition of exchange cations in a Chernozem and in bentonite and kaolinite clay is altered by prolonged exposure to below-freezing temperatures. The generation of anion-exclusion moisture in frozen and unfrozen specimens is satisfactorily described by the theory of the double electric layer with the added hypothesis that interlayer water is present.