Musculature of Female Terminal Segments and Its Significance in Systematics of the Superfamilies Notodontoidea and Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera: Noctuiformes)

摘要

The comparative functional morphology of musculature of the female abdominal terminalia in 38 genera from seven Noctuiformes families (Notodontoidea and Noctuoidea) has been investigated for the first time. Eight pairs of muscles (m1-m7, m10) of the ground plan of Papilionomorpha and two pairs of secondary muscles (m12, m13) are revealed in the female terminalia. It is shown that the structure and arrangement of the female terminal muscles do not depend on adaptive changes of the shape of ovipositor.Such a conservatism of the ovipositor musculature is combined with nonadaplive evolutionary changes. This allows the traits of musculature to be used in phylogenetic studies and taxonomy. Aulapomorphies are established for almost all the families. The families Lymanlriidae and Pantheidae have similar autapomorphic changes of the apophyseal musculature absent in all the previously examined Lepidoptera. This confirms the family rank of Pantheidae and indicates its closeness to Lymantriidae. A permanent loss of the sternal longitudinal muscles (m7) in segment VIII is characteristic of the families Arctiidae and Ctenuchidae. In the family Nocluidae, secondary muscles m12 (extrinsic muscles of the ovipositor) had originated independently. These muscles are absent in more primitive noctuids (Rivulinae and Hypen-inae).