As demand steadily grows for mope powerful portable electronics, battery powered tools and electric vehicles, there is a desirable need for battery systems to effectively meet these necessary power and energy density requirements for operation. Because of their energy density, higher voltage and negligible memory effects, lithium-ion batteries are the popular choice for a wide range of applications, especially in portable electronics. However, larger power demands and increasing cell density of lithium-ion battery packs result in higher operating temperatures, especially under peak loads. Because of the susceptibility of most commercial lithium-ion cell chemistries to degrade or age at or above 60℃, this leads to rapid loss of capacity over subsequent charge/discharge cycles as well as reduced overall power output (Figure 1).
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