Effect of crop residue management, FYM and bed planting on microenvironment and yield of durum wheat in mungbean-durum wheat system.

摘要

A field trial on durum wheat (Triticum durum) was conducted during the rabi seasons of 2004-05 and 2005-06 on irrigated loamy sand soil of Punjab, India, consisting of 16 treatment combinations with four planting methods in main plots (Fresh beds FB (kharif)/permanent beds PB (rabi), permanent beds (PB), on tillage (NT) and conventional flat tillage (CT)) and four farmyard manure (FYM)/crop residue management treatments in subplots (recommended fertilizer dose application (RFD), 80% RFD+10 t FYM (M10), RFD+crop residue incorporation/mulching in situ of previous mung bean crop (RFD-R) and RFD-S-whole N applied at sowing). All the interaction effects were non-significant. Beds, no tillage and conventional tillage produced similar yields and were at par among themselves in both years. Maximum grain yield of 51.29 and 49.89 q/ha was obtained with 80% RFD+M10 in both years which was significantly superior than other treatments (RFD, RFD-R and RFD-S) during 2004-05. Yields obtained in RFD, RFD-R and RFD-S were statistically at par in both years. Flat sown crop (CT) tended to record less canopy air and soil temperatures than the bed sown crop but no difference in photosynthetically active radiation interception (PARI) was observed. Less canopy air and soil temperatures and higher PARI were recorded when FYM and mulch were applied compared to RFD and RFD-S. Thus, an increase in durum wheat yield with the application of RFD+mulch/crop residue incorporation was possible over sole RFD. The chemical fertilizer at 20% RFD could be replaced with 10 t organic manure or FYM with substantial higher yield than sole RFD. The harvest index recorded in different planting methods and FYM/crop residue management treatment was similar during both years.