Criteria for determining hydrogen compatibility and the mechanisms for hydrogen-assisted, surface crack growth in austenitic stainless steels

摘要

To establish novel criteria for determining the hydrogen compatibility of austenitic stainless steels, as well as to elucidate the mechanisms for hydrogen-assisted surface crack growth (HASCG), slow strain rate tensile (SSRT), elasto-plastic fracture toughness (JIC), fatigue crack growth and fatigue life tests were performed on Types 304, 316 and 316L steels in high-pressure hydrogen gas. As a criterion for the use of austenitic stainless steels with lower austenitic stability in hydrogen gas, a reduction in area (RA) in hydrogen gas, phi(H) >= 57%, or a relative reduction in area, RRA >= 0.68, is proposed to ensure that there is no degradation in tensile strength by hydrogen. Observation of fracture surface morphologies and crack growth behaviours demonstrated that, in high-pressure hydrogen gas, SSRT surface crack grew via the same mechanism as for JIC crack and fatigue crack, i.e., these cracks successively grew with a sharp shape under the loading process, due to a localized slip deformation near the crack tip. Based on the elucidated HASCG mechanism, total elongation in hydrogen gas, delta(H) >= 10%, or, phi(H) >= 10%, is also introduced as another criterion. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.