In recent years, oral health in developed countries has improved, with the majority of people keeping more sound teeth for longer duration [1-7]. In particular, considerable interest has been directed at detecting caries at early stages, with the development of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) [8,9] and quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) method [10,11]. In current daily dental practice and oral health care programs, the inhibition of initial tooth enamel demineralization and the promotion of remineralization are the most important targets [12-14].Surface-reaction type prereacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler [15,16] has been reported to have biological efficacy in reducing dental plaque formation [17,18], inhibition of dentin demineralization [19], fluoride release and recharge potential [20], and prevention of demineralization in surrounding orthodontic brackets [21]. These efficacies might be due to the ability of S-PRG filler to release various ion species (fluoride, strontium, aluminum, sodium, etc.) as well as its capacity as an acid buffer [22]. S-PRG filler can therefore be found in various dental products, such as composite resin, root canal sealer, orthodontic resin bonding systems, and denture base resin [19,23-28]
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