Modelling suspended sediment concentration and load in a transport-limited alluvial gully in northern Queensland, Australia

摘要

Alluvial gullies are often formed in dispersible sodic soils along steep banks of incised river channels. Field data collected by Shellberg et al. (Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 38: 1765-1778, 2013) from a gully outlet in northern Australia showed little hysteresis between water discharge and fine (<63 mu m) and coarse (>63 mu m) suspended sediment, indicating transport-limited rather than source-limited conditions. The major source of the fine (silt/clay) component was the sodic soils of upstream gully scarps, and the coarser (sand) component was sourced locally from channel bed material. In this companion paper at the same study site, a new method was developed for combining the settling velocity characteristics of these two sediment source components to estimate the average settling velocity of the total suspended sediment. This was compared to the analysis of limited sediment samples collected during flood conditions. These settling velocity data were used in the steady-state transport limit theory of Hairsine and Rose (Water Resources Research 28: 237-243, 245-250, 1992) that successfully predicted field data of concentrations and loads at a cross-section, regardless of the complexity of transport-limited upstream sources (sheet erosion, scalds, rills, gullies, mass failure, bank and bed erosion, other disturbed areas). The analysis required calibration of a key model parameter, the fraction of total stream power (F approximate to 0.025) that is effective in re-entraining sediment. Practical recommendations are provided for the prediction of sediment loads from other alluvial gullies in the region with similar hydrogeomorphic conditions, using average stream power efficiency factors for suspended silt/clay (F-w approximate to 0.016) and sand (F-s approximate to 0.038) respectively, but with no requirement for field data on sediment concentrations. Only basic field data on settling velocity characteristics from soil samples, channel geometry measurements, estimates of water velocity and discharge, and associated error margins are needed for transport limit theory predictions of concentration and load. This theory is simpler than that required in source-limited situations. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.