Aquatic macrophytes as biomonitors of pollution by textile industry.

摘要

The pollution of the Brzeczek river (Poland) by the local textile industry was monitored using native species of aquatic macrophytes (submersed plants; Batrachium aquatile, Potamogeton pectinatus, Myriophyllum verticillatum, Callitriche verna, Platyhypnidium riparioides, Spirogyra sp.: emergent plants; Epilobium palustre, Polygonum mite, Bidens frondosa, and Veronica anagallis [V. anagallis-aquatica]). Water and sediment samples were collected 3 times in the period from June to August. All available plant species were collected in 10 replicates during the last water and sediment sampling. The river exceeded the maximum limits for Ni, Cd, Cu, Cr, and Zn by 7, 0.06, 1.3, 2, and 30μg/litre, respectively, and ammonium, sulfates, and phosphates by 2,100, and 0.15 mg/litre, respectively. The concentrations of P, Ca, Mg, K, and Fe in sediments at all sampling sites, and those of N were lower than previously published data. The sediments exceeded the maximum limits for Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr, and Co by140, 0.8, 36, 35, 85, 100, and 20 mg/kg, respectively. The sediment pH varied between 6.6 and 7.1. Polygonum mite, which grew both upstream and downstream of the sewage outlet, had the greatest tolerance for the high levels of pollution with ammonium nitrogen (up to 30 mg/litre) and sulfates (up to 381 mg/litre), including Cr, Ni, Zn, and Cu in water, and S, Co, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Pb in sediments. In addition, Polygonum mite appeared to be the best bioindicator of heavy metal pollution in the Brzeczekriver.