Tolerable Level of Lifetime Cadmium Intake Estimated as a Benchmark Dose Low, Based on Excretion of beta_2-Microglobulin in the Cadmium-Polluted Regions of the Kakehashi River Basin, Japan

摘要

Recently, a benchmark dose (BMD) approach defined by Crump (Crump et al, 1984, 1995) was used to estimate the threshold levels of toxic substances (Gaylor et al, 1998). BMD is a statistical lower confidence limit to a dose producing some predetermined increase in response rate, such as 0.01-0.1 in the abnormal rates of substances.