Neodymium isotopes in Archean seawater and implications for the marine Nd cycle in Earth's early oceans

摘要

Published neodymium (Nd) isotopic data for Archean iron-formations (IF) suggest that, overall, seawater throughout the Archean typically displayed Nd-143/Nd-144 close to bulk Earth values, with is an element of(Nd)(t) between -1.5 and +2.5. Neodymium isotopic ratios in seawater during deposition of the similar to 3.8 Isua (Greenland) IF likely displayed positive is an element of(Nd)(3.8 Ga) of +2.5, as suggested by IF-G, an Isua reference IF that is considered the best archive for Early Archean seawater. Seawater Nd-143/Nd-144 ratios dominated by radiogenic Nd (positive is an element of(Nd)(t)) seem to have persisted for much of the Archean, as IF from the Pietersburg greenstone belt, South Africa, suggest seawater is an element of(Nd)(2.95 Ga) >= +1. However. similarly aged (similar to 2.9 Ga) IFs from South Africa indicate that significant variations in seawater Nd-143/Nd-144 occurred, and clearly show influences from isotopically distinct crustal sources. These variations are apparently related to depositional environment, with cratonic margin. shallow-water IFs possessing a continental is an element of(Nd)(t) of -3, while IFs associated with sub-aqueous mafic volcanics display more radiogenic, positive is an element of(Nd)(t) values. Such variation in seawater Nd-143/Nd-144 is not possible in an isotopically well-mixed ocean, and similar to today, it appears that marine Nd cycling in the Archean produced water masses with distinct Nd isotopic ratios. Since the presence of banded iron-formations requires a reducing Archean ocean capable of transporting Fe, metal-oxide precipitation and scavenging processes near deep sea hydrothermal vent systems would not have scavenged mantle Nd, i.e., Nd sourced from alteration of oceanic crust. We propose that bulk anoxic seawater prior to 2.7 Ga possessed relatively constant positive is an element of(Nd)(t) of +1 to +2, whereas local shallow-water masses associated with exposed evolved crust could possess distinctly different, lower is an element of(Nd)(t).