Orthotropic inversion combined with stochastic rock physics modeling can help map heterogeneities. Unlike complex structural plays in conventional clastic or carbonate reservoirs, shale formations have never been overly difficult to find or to map structurally. Therefore, in the early days of shale field development, seismic data were never the first tool of choice. Operators generally knew how deep, thick and laterally extensive these unconventional resources were since they are often the source rocks for more conventional reservoirs.
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