The Dual-Mode Theory of affective responses to exercise inmetatheoretical context: II. Bodiless heads, ethereal cognitive schemata,and other improbable dualistic creatures, exercising

摘要

According to the Dual-Mode Theory, affective responses to exercise areinfluenced by the continuous interplay of cortically mediated cognitive processes(e.g., self-efficacy, self-presentational concerns, goals, attributions) and ascendinginteroceptive cues (e.g., ventilation, acidosis, core temperature). The relativeimportance of these two factors is hypothesized to shift systematically as afunction of exercise intensity, with cognitive factors being the dominantdeterminants at intensities proximal to the lactate or ventilatory thresholds andinteroceptive factors gaining salience at intensities that preclude the maintenanceof a physiological steady state. The present review retraces the antecedents of thedual-mode notion in psychological theory. Emphasis is placed on variants ofdualistic thought that focus on the 'mind' (cognition) as the chief determinant ofaffect and specifically on the theories of Schachter and Singer, Lazarus, Bandura,Neisser, and Leventhal and Everhart. The applications of these ideas withinexercise psychology (i.e., the 'mind over muscle' assumption) are criticallyanalyzed, laying the conceptual foundation for the necessity of dual-modeintegrative models.