Histopathological and Ultrastructural Changes in Renal Corpuscle of Female Rats Topical Application by P-phenylene Diamine

摘要

Chemical mediated nephrotoxicity has been recognized. Para-phenylene Diamine (PPD) a widely used chemical in a variety of industrial products and in almost all hair, dye formulation has been tested for its glomerular histopathology after 6 months topical application in two different dosages (0.5 and 1 mg/kg/day) in female Wistar rats. Serum biomarker creatinine and blood urea of kidney injury pointed a significant (p<0.01) increased and decreased Na+ and CI levels as well as body weights and the meanrelative kidney weights were affected by the treatment regard to both the exposure time and the concentration of PPD. Histopathological findings include microscopical damage caused by PPD treatment. Such as glomerular hypertrophy, hyperemia swelling glomerular lining epithelium and mesangial matrix expansion in group III as well as lobulation of glomerular tufts, glomerular cells vacuolation, diffused hyaline and thickening of glomerular basement membrane also seen in group IV. Electron microscopic changes in the group III confirm glomeruli proliferation of the podocytes and mesangial cells, podocytes pedicles fusion and lysis nuclear membrane ruptured, mitochondrial, RER damage. PPD caused various renal corpuscles histological changes in group IV, necrotic of glomerular podocytes, mesangial cells and endothelial cell with detachment accompanied by floppy and vacuolated cytoplasmic extension. Capillaries collapsed and filled with deformed red blood cells (RBCs), neutrophils, macrophages and cellulardebris were been observed. Moreover, the podocytes manifested more intensive deterioration than those observed in group III which indicated deformed nucleus and pedicles ruptured, lead to lysis and damage of cytoplasmic organelles. These results highlight the need to reduce exposure to PPD, with particular attention being paid to the known sources of PPD. In addition, public education and strict control over the sale and distribution of PPD should be done to reduce poisoning by this compound.