L'occupation du hassin de Neuwied (Rhenanie centrale, Allemagne) par les Magdaleniens et les groupes a Federmesser (aziliens)

摘要

Since the pioneering work of Hermann Schaaffhausen in 1883 on the Martinsberg at Andernach and due to the protection of the area by the eruptive masses of the late Aller0d Laacher See volcano, the German Central Rhineland has been known to be a promising region for the preservation and discovery of Late Glacial sites. Today, more than 120 years after Schaaffhausen's initial excavation, two large Magdalenian sites - Ander-nach and Gonnersdorf - as well as six Federmesser sites are known from the Central Rhineland. The latter are Andernach (upper find horizon), Boppard, Niederbieber (the most extensive of these sites), Kettig and Urban all of which pre-date the Laacher See eruption, and Bad Breisig, post-dating this event. Furthermore, repeated discoveries of isolated hearths show human activities in the Aller0d landscape away from the larger encampments. The archaeological record provides detailed insight into both the environment and life of the Central Rhineland Magdalenian and Federmesser groups and their material culture. The changes in environment and available subsistence resources between the Magdalenian and Federmesser groups were accompanied by radical shifts in material technology, the internal spatial organisation of settlements and the manifestation ofartis-^ tic expression. By contrast with these well-defined groups, the "cultures" intermediate between the Magdalenian hunter-gatherers of the open loess steppe and the Federmesser groups of the interstadial woodlands are scarcely known. The only evidence for this interval comes from the southwestern part of the Gonnersdorf site and from the burials at Bonn-Oberkassel and Neuwied-Irlich.