Esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) are common life-threatening birth defects that affect approximately 1 in 3,500 births [Shaw-Smith, 2006]. Approximately 10% of individuals with EA/TEF also meet criteria for VACTERL association which requires the presence of three or more of the following non-randomly associated birth defects: Vertebral anomalies, Anal anomalies, Cardiac defects, TracheoEsophageal fistula and/or esophageal atresia, Renal anomalies and Limb defects [Chittmittrapap et al., 1989]. The genetic factors that contribute to the development of most cases of TEF and VACTERL association have yet to be identified.
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