Two-phase flow is encountered in many industrial applications such as the condensers and evaporators of refrigeration systems, conventional steam power plants. pressurized-water and boiling-water nuclear power plants, and in a wide variety of petroleum and chemical processing systems. In most, if not all, of these systems, the two-phase flow encounters dividing tee junctions as it passes through the system. Considerable research efforts in the recent past have shown that (a) in general the phases do not split evenly at the junction, (b) the manner in which the phases are distributed is a complicated function of the inlet flow rates, inlet flow regime, junction geometry and orientation, total mass split at the junction, and fluid properties, and (c) the existing models for predicting the pressure drop and phase distribution at dividing junctions are not yet adequate to handle all situations. A number of excellent reviews were reported by Azzopardi (1986), Lahey (1986), Muller and Reimann (1991). Azzopardi and Hervieu (1994) and Azzopardi (1999).
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机译：在许多工业应用中会遇到两相流，例如制冷系统的冷凝器和蒸发器，常规蒸汽发电厂。压水和沸水核电站，以及各种石油和化学处理系统。在大多数（如果不是全部）系统中，两相流在通过系统时会遇到三通分流。近期的大量研究工作表明，（a）相间的相通常不均匀地分开，（b）相分布的方式是入口流速，入口流态的复杂函数，交汇处的几何形状和方向，交汇处的总质量分裂和流体特性，以及（c）预测分隔交汇处的压降和相分布的现有模型尚不足以应对所有情况。 Azzopardi（1986），Lahey（1986），Muller和Reimann（1991）报道了许多出色的评论。 Azzopardi and Hervieu（1994）和Azzopardi（1999）。
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