Cold forming by stretching of aeronautic sheet metal parts

摘要

In this article, the development of an industrial prototype for manufacturing aeronautical fuselage panels is investigated. Deep drawing of large components such as aircraft fuselage panels is not an easy task in terms of dimensional accuracy, reliable material behaviour laws and failure criteria. Hot stretching processes ensure large ductility range of some materials. Nevertheless, when using high-performance aluminium alloys with acceptable low-plastic strain at ambient temperature, cold forming might be employed. A special stretching machine of 40-ton (400 kN) capability was instrumented and piloted in that way. Typical operations involved in the forming of parts are carried out with a die on which the sheet metal is successively stretched and drawn in several steps. Currently, the shape of the forming tool is directly determined from CAD models of the final sheet geometry without taking into account springback or residual effects. To increase the dimensional accuracy of the final components, a methodology to define the die shape and to control the process is proposed, taking into account the parameters influencing the forming operations. A feedback loop based on digitalised physical geometry and numerical simulation is carried out in order to ensure that the final shape of the sheet will be accurately obtained.