Plant Regeneration from Leaf Explant in Sesamum Indicum L. Sesame - Queen of Oil Seeds

摘要

The present investigation was carried out to determine in vitro seed germination and regeneration of sesame plant from callus derived from leaf explants. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is highly sensitive oil crop, in vitro seed germination and plant regeneration had been helpful to overcome the natural impediments and this study focuses on alternate pathways of tissue culture method of propagation and evaluates the feasibility of micro propagation via organogenesis of excised leaf explants in this valuable economic medicinal oil crop. In order to standardize in vitro seed germination and plant regeneration of sesame, various basal medium, different strength of MS~1 basal medium, BAP and culture conditions were tried on in vitro seed germination, as well as different strength of PGRs with MS basal medium were also tried for callus induction, shoot initiation, multiplication and rooting. Out of three basal media, MS medium showed best result in in vitro seed germination. Different concentration of MS medium were tested and maximum (90-92%) seed germination was observed in MS 1/2 medium. Among different concentration of BAP (0.1-3.0 mg/1), 0.1 mg/1 BAP had maximum seed germination. Over light and in vivo condition highest seed germination was observedin dark and in in vitro condition respectively. For callus induction, MS medium supplemented with different concentration of 2, 4-D and NAA alone, and along with KN and highest callus induction (74%) was achieved in 2.0 mg/1 2,4 - D and 2.0 mg/1 KN. Effect of BAP alone and along with NAA on shoots regeneration was tested and the shooting response in 6.0 mg/1 BAP with 2.0 mg/1 NAA was found to be highest. Among 30, 40 and 50 days old callus, 40 days old callus showed highest shoot induction from leaf explants in sesame. In, 6.0 mg/1 BAP with 0.5 mg/1 NAA and 8.0 mg/1 BAP produced the maximum average number of shoots and highest average shoot length. During multiplication, callusing also observed. After 3 weeks, maximum (85-90%) rooted shoots and maximumnumber of roots were recorded with MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/1 IBA, which were later hardened on soil and sand mixture with 80- 82% survival.