Whether you are performing simple part reorientation, machine loading/unloading or complex assembly, you are presented with the problem of picking up and releasing a workpiece. In any assembly system, the requirements for the end-effector are clearly outlined. It should be easy to install, require low maintenance and provide long and reliable service. For most systems, this small, yet significant, component only contributes about 1 percent to 5 percent of the total system cost. Although it has minor value with regard to the total costs, this part of the complete system should be chosen carefully because it is handling the most important aspect, the workpiece. Due to many factors, these often overlooked components can make the biggest contribution to outstanding system performance or result in costly downtime.
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